Efraín Kristal is Distinguished Professor of Spanish and Comparative Literature at UCLA. He is a specialist of Latin American literature in comparative contexts, and of translation studies. He has published several single author and edited books including The Cambridge Companion to the Latin American Novel, and over one hundred articles. He wrote the essay on philosophical and theoretical approaches to translation for the Blackwell Companion to Translation Studies, and an essay on Yves Bonnefoy engagements with Shakespeare for the Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare’s Poetry. He was a Fellow of the Institute for Advance Study in Berlin, and his most recent book is Querencias. Guerra, traducción y filosofía en Jorge Luis Borges. Fondo de cultura económica, 2022.
Education
- Ph.D. (1985) Stanford University
- Maitrîse (1983) Université de Rouen
- M.A. (1982) Stanford University
- B.A. (1980) University of California, Berkeley
Research
- 19th and 20th Century Spanish American Literature
- Comparative Literature
- Translation Studies
- Aesthetics
Books
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- Invisible Work
- Borges and Translation
- Vanderbilt University Press, 2002
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- Temptation of the Word
- The Novels of Mario Vargas Llosa
- Vanderbilt University Press, 1999
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- The Cambridge Companion to Mario Vargas Llosa
- Cambridge University Press, 2012
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- The Andes Viewed from the City
- Literary and Political Discourse on the Indian in Peru, 1848-1930
- Peter Lang Publishing, 1987
Articles
- “Nicolas Poussin’s ‘The Plague at Ashdod’ and the French Disease,” Rinaldo F. Canalis and Massimo Ciavollela (editors), Disease and Disability in Medieval and Early Modern Art and Literature, Turnhout, Belgium, Brepols Publishers, 2021, pp. 297-315.
- “Jorge Luis Borges and Philosophy,” Jeffrey R. Di Leo (editor), Philosophy and World Literature, New York and London, Bloomsbury Press, 2020, pp. 247-260.
- “Jorge Luis Borges and the Two World Wars,” Jorge Luis Borges in Context, Robin Fiddian (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 35-42.
- “Discreet and Injudicious Heroes in the Novels of Mario Vargas Llosa,” Talking Books with Mario Vargas Llosa. A Retrospective, Raquel Chang-Rodríguez and Carlos Riobó, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2020, pp. 57-69.
- “A la memoria de José Miguel Oviedo,” ,” Antipodas, XXX (2019) : 1-5.
- “L’ambigüité comme procédé littéraire dans les romans de Vargas Llosa, ses antécedents chez Faulkner, Mann et Borges, ,” Revue de littérature comparé, Paris, Juillet-September 2019, 339-348.
- “La ambigüedad en la narrativa de Mario Vargas Llosa y sus antecedentes en Faulkner , Mann y Borges,” Sobre Mario Vargas Llosa, María Jesús Lorenzo-Modia (ed.), A Coruña, Universidade da CoruñaPublicacións, 2019, 59-68.
- “Preface,” for John Freccero, Dante. Une poétique de la conversión, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 2019, pp. 7-15.
- “Les Hérauts noirs de César Vallejo : entre Rubén Darío et Les fleurs du mal d’Eduardo Marquina,” La parole impossible. Regards croisés autour de la traduction de César Vallejo, Marina Tsvetaeva et Paul Celan, L. Brysse-Chanet, I. Salazar & R. Béhar (eds.), Paris, Hermann, 2019, 83-98.
- “Los heraldos negros by César Vallejo: Between Rubén Darío and Las flores del mal by Eduardo Marquina,” Itinerarios de lectura/A Journey in Readership. Homenaje a Cathy L. Jrade, Christina Karageorgou-Bastea, Fátima R. Nogueira and Leila M. Lehman (eds.), Vigo, Spain, Editorial Académica del Hispanismo, 2019, pp. 87-104.
- “The Circulation of Resentment. A Commentary to Peter Sloterdijk’s Remaks on The Merchant of Venice,” ‘Von Morgenröten, die noch nicht geleuchted haben’—Ein Symposium zu Peter Sloteridjk, Peter Weibel (ed.), Frankfurt, Suhrkamp, 2019, pp. 96-118.
- “The Circulation of Resentment in The Merchant of Venice: A Commentary Inspired by Peter Sloterdijk,” The Polemics of Resentment, Sjoerd van Tuinen (ed.), London, Bloomsbury Press, 2018, pp. 227-241.
- “Les monstres hagards et haletants de César Vallejo,” Europe. Revue littéraire mensuelle, Vol. 95, Nos 1063-1064, Novembre-Décembre, 2017, pp. 62-74.
- “Walter Benjamin: el mesianismo de la traducción,” in Walter Benjamin, La tarea del traductor, Manuel Crespillo (ed.), Madrid, Sequitur, 2017, pp. 30-39.
- “Facundo and the Novel,” New Left Review, 102 (Nov Dec 2016) : 57-68.
- “Jorge Luis Borges y las guerras mundiales,” Hueso Húmero, Número 65, April, 2016, pp. 40-58.
- “Las situaciones extremas y la libertad,” Ideas en libertad. Homenaje de 80 autores a Mario Vargas Llosa, Madrid, LID, 2016, pp. 122-124.
- “Discreet and injudicious heroes in the novels of Mario Vargas Llosa,” Antipodas, XXVII (2016) : 63-74.
- “A Promise Concealed, Revealed and to be Fulfilled: On Some Affinities between Figural and Political Interpretation,” Father Figures and Gender Identities in Scandinavian and Comparative Literature. Studies in Honor of Ross Shideler, Kathleen L. Komar (ed.), Berkeley and Los Angeles, North Pinehurst Press, 2016, pp. 100-113.
- “El sueño de la sirena y la calibración del amor en el Purgatorio,” Purgatorios, Jorge Wiesse (ed.), Lima, Universidad del Pacífico, 2015, pp. 207-216.
- “Foreword” to Hidden Pleasures in Borges’s Fiction by Evelyn Fishburn, Borges Center, University of Pittsburgh, 2015, pp. 9-13.
- “Theoretical/Philosophical approaches to translation,” The Blackwell Companion to Translation Studies, edited by Sandra Berman and Catherine Porter, Oxford, Wiley Press, 2014, pp. 28-40.
- “Soneto XVIII, Hamlet y El rey Lear: Los Shakespeare de Nicanor Parra,” Estudios públicos, Número 136, primavera 2014, pp. 111-136.
- “Jorge Luis Borges’s Literary Response to Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust,” The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Summer 2014), pp. 354–361.
- “De la utopía a la reconciliación en las novelas de Mario Vargas Llosa,” Las cartografías del poder en la obra de Mario Vargas Llosa, Sandro Chiri and Agustín Prado (eds.), Lima, Fondo del Congreso del Perú, 2014, pp. 35-55.
- “Yves Bonnefoy and Shakespeare as a French Poet,” The Oxford Handbook to Shakespeare’s Poetry, edited by Jonathan Post, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 653-670.
- “The Book of Sand and Shakespeare’s Memory,” The Cambridge Companion to Jorge Luis Borges, edited by Edwin Williamson, Cambridge University Press, 2013, pp. 160-171.
- “Mario Vargas Llosa y la Comedia umana di Balzac,” LEA-Lingue et letterature d’Oriente e d’Occidente, Number 2, 2013, pp. 50-55.
- “Literature in the Philosophy of Peter Sloterdijk,” Sloterdijk Now, Stuart Elden (ed.), Cambridge, U.K., Polity Press, 2012, pp. 147-164.
- Spanish translation: “Literatura en la filosofía de Peter Sloterdijk,” Hueso Húmero, Número 59, June 2012, pp. 56-75.
- “What is, is Not: Dante in Tomás Eloy Martínez’s Purgatorio,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 31, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 473-484.
- “Two Latin American Approaches to Dante,” I pensieri dell’istante. Scritti per Jacqueline Risset, Rome, Riuniti, 2012, pp. 275-282.
- Poetry as Fiction,” Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, Princeton University Press, 2012, pp. 484-485.
- “Poetry of Peru,” (co-authored with Marta Ortiz Canseco), Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, Princeton University Press, 2012, pp. 1027-1030.
- “Refundiciones literarias y biográficas en La ciudad y los perros,” in Mario Vargas Llosa, La ciudad y los perros. Edición conmemorativa del cincuentenario, Madrid, Alfaguara, 2012, pp. 539-557.
- “Literature in the Philosophy of Peter Sloterdijk,” Sloterdijk Now, Stuart Elden (ed.), Cambridge, U.K., Polity Press, 2012, pp. 147-164.
- “Introduction,” co-authored with John King, The Cambridge Companion to Mario Vargas Llosa, 2012, pp. 1-8.
- “The Total Novel and the Novella. Conversation in The Cathedral and The Cubs,” The Cambridge Companion to Mario Vargas Llosa, 2012, pp. 37-48.
- “From Utopia to Reconciliation. Paradise Around the Corner, The Bad Girl, and The Dream of the Celt,” The Cambridge Companion to Mario Vargas Llosa, 2012, pp.129- 147.
- “An Interview with Mario Vargas Llosa,” The Cambridge Companion to Mario Vargas Llosa, 2012, pp. 212-220.
- “Fiction and the Novel,” The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Novel, Volume I, 2011, pp. 299-307.
- “Art and Literature in the Liquid Modern Age. On Richard Wollheim, Zygmunt Bauman and Yves Michaud,” The Blackwell Companion to Comparative Literature, Oxford, 2011, pp. 108-119.
- “Mario Vargas Llosa y la Comedia Humana de Balzac,” Turia, Número 97-98, March- May 2011, pp. 298-300.
- “Richard Wollheim on Art and Psychoanalysis,” Navigatio vitae. Saggi per I settant’anni di Remo Bodei (Festschrift in honor of Remo Bodei), edited by Luiggi Ballerini, Andrea Borsari and Massimo Ciavolella, New York, Agincourt Press, 2010, pp. 123-134.
- “Literatura y filosofía moral según Jacques Bouveresse,” Anuario de Estudios Filológicos, vol. XXXII, 2009, pp. 145-156.
- “Sobre Ajuar Funerario de Fernando Iwasaki,” in Adélaîde de Chatellus (ed.), El cuento hispanoamericano contemporáneo, Paris, ADEHL, 2009, pp. 133-138.
- “Vargas Llosa, Mario (1936—)” Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture,
- edited by Jay Kinsbruner and Erick D. Langer. 2nd ed., Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008.
- “Ergal’s Edition of Proust’s Translation of Ruskin’s The Bible of Amiens,” Between Texts, Languages and Cultures. A Festscrifft for Michael Henry Heim, Craig Cravens, Masako U. Fidler and Susan C. Kresin (eds.), Bloomingon, Slavica, 2008, pp. 325-332.
- “Los últimos reyes godos y el final del imperio incaico en los Comentarios reales de los incas,” in Simulacros de la fantasia. Nuevas indagaciones sobre arte y literatura virreinales, Ballón, Aguirre, Enrique, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 2007, pp. 405-409.
- “Unrequited Sublimations: Borges Reads Spinoza,” The Romanic Review, Volume 98, Numbers 2-3 (March-May) 2007, pp. 225-236.
- “Relectura de Conversación en La Catedral de Mario Vargas Llosa,” Letras Libres, Octubre 2007.
- “Primera edición bilingüe de la Poesía Completa de César Vallejo,” Chasqui. El Correo del Perú, Año 5, Número 11, Octubre, 2007, p. 5
- “Introduction,” Vallejo, César, The Complete Poetry. A Bilingual Edition, Edited and Translated by Clayton Eshleman. With a Foreword by Mario Vargas Llosa, and a Chronology by Stephen M. Hart, University of California Press, 2007, pp. 1-20.
- “’Considerando en frío…’. Una respuesta a Franco Moretti,” América Latina en la ‘literatura mundial,’” Ignacio M. Sánchez Prado (ed.), Pittsburgh, IILI-Biblioteca de América, 2006, pp. 101-116.
- “Screening Peru. The Films of Francisco Lombardi,” New Left Review, 42 (Nov Dec 2006) : 99-114.
- “El Quijote expresionsta de Elías Canetti,” special issue on Cervantes, Estudios Públicos, Santiago de Chile, Número 100, Primavera 2005, pp. 271-282.
- “Rebeldía y fantasía,” Prologue to Mario Vargas Llosa, Obras Completas III, Novelas y Teatro (1980-1986), Barcelona, Círculo de lectores, 2005, pp. 9-34.
- Introduction to “César Vallejo. Fourteen Poems Translated From the Spanish by Clayton Eshleman,” The American Poetry Review, 34; 3 (May/June 2005) : 25
- Prologue to Thomas Mann’s Der Zauberberg in a new Spanish translation by Isabel García Adánez, in Mann, Thomas, La montaña mágica, Barcelona, Círculo de lectores, 2005, pp. 9-28.
- “The Lovelorn Librarian: On Edwin Williamson’s Borges a Life,” New Left Review, 31 (Jan/Feb 2005) : 153-160.
- “La violencia política en la narrativa peruana: 1848-1998,” Belay, Raynald, Jorge Bracamonte, Carlos Iván Degregori and Jena Joinville Vacher (eds.), Memorias en conflicto. Aspectos de la violencia política contemporánea, Lima, IEP and IFEA, 2004, pp. 337-343.
- “La Perricholi de Ventura García Calderón: una creación literaria a partir de un imaginario híbrido,” Latein Aemrica. Orte un ordnungen des Wissens. Festshrift für Birgit Scharlau, Sabine Hoffman and Monika Wehrheim (eds.), Tübingen, Guntger Narr Verlag, 2004, pp. 101-108.
- “Création littéraire et culture religieuse: Northrop Frye, Kenneth Burke, Harold Bloom et George Steiner,” Esprit, (December 2003) : 34-50.
- “Lessons from the Golden Age (On García Márquez’s Living to Tell the Tale,” New Left Review, 24 (Nov/Dec 2003) : 145-153. Also published as a revised article in Stephen M. Hart (ed.) A Companion to Magical Realism, London, Tamesis, 2005, pp. 88-97.
- “Interpreting Andean Myths: the Case of Garcilaso Inca de la Vega,” in Lisa Block de Behar (ed.), Entre mitos y conocimiento, Montevideo, Association internationale de littérature comparée, 2003, pp. 105-118.
- “La faute n’est pas dans les étoiles…” in Bensoussan, Albert, (ed.) Mario Vargas Llosa, Paris, Editions de l’Herne, 2003, pp. 243-251.
- “Bret Harte, Ricardo Palma: Recreadores del pasado americano,” in Annette Paatz and Burkhard Pohl (eds.), Texto Social: Estudios pragmáticos sobre literatura y cine. Homenaje a Manfred Engelbert, Berlin, Verlag Walter Frey, 2003, pp.363-372.
- “Jorge Luis Borges y Octavio Paz: Poéticas de la traducción y traducción poética,” Studi Ispanici, MMII (2002) : 261-270.
- “Borges Translates North American Literature (Whitman, Poe, London, and Melville),” in Buchanau, Barbara and Annette Paatz (eds.), Do the Americas have a Common Literary History?, Frankfurt am Main, Peter Lang, 2002, pp. 343-352.
- “Borges und die Ubersetzung,” in Ubersetzan in Lateinamerika, Birgit Scharlau (ed.), Tübingen, Guner Narr Verlag, 2002, pp. 159-176.
- “’Considering Coldly…’ A Response to Franco Moretti,” New Left Review, 15 (May June 2002) : 61-74.
- “Facundo (Domingo F. Sarmiento, 1845),” in Moretti, Franco (ed.), Il Romanzo. Le Forme II, Turin, Enaudi, 2002, pp. 153-162. English version: “Samiento’s Masterpiece,” New Left Review, 102 (Nov Dec 2016) : 57-66.
- “La presencia de César Vallejo en Esperando a Godot de Samuel Beckett,” in De Palabras, Imágenes y Símbolos: Homenaje a José Pascual Buxó, Mexico City, Universidad Autonoma de México, 2002, pp. 667-674.
- “Triumphs of Humility. Borges and Translation,” Catalogue for the exhibition: Borges, the Time Machine, Buenos Aires, Fausto Vazaquez, 2001, pp. 8-10.
- “Pedro Mexía y el paradigma del infiel en Ercilla,” La producción simbólica en la América colonial, José Pascual Buxó (ed.), México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2001, pp. 15-25.
- “La política y la crítica literaria. El caso Vargas Llosa,” Perspectivas, vol. 4, n. 2, 2001, pp. 339-351.
- “Heidegger and the Psychology of Art,” Klaus-Peter Veit (ed.) Zwischen Literatur und Philosophie. Suche nach dem Menschlichen, Berlin, WVB, 2000, pp. 53-62.
- “Retaggio Spagnolo e ‘Americanidad,’” Puccini, Dario and Saúl Yurkiévich (eds.) Storia Della Civilta’ Letteraria Ispanoamericana. Volume Primo. Dall’Età Precolombiana All’Ottocento, Turin, UTET, 2000, pp. 483-501.
- “The Incest Motif in Narratives of the United States and Spanish America,” Udo Schöning (ed.) Internationalität nationaler Literaturen, Goettingen, Wallestein Verlag, 2000, pp. 390-403.
- Introduction to Mario Vargas Llosa’s Cervantes and the Craft of Fiction, Vanderbilt University Press, 1999, pp. 3-6.
- “Donoso y el discreto encanto de la ternura,” Anthropos, nos. 184-85 (1999) : 163-166.
- “Borges en el Collège de France,” Taller de Letras, no. 27 (1999) : 117-118.
- “Borges y la traducción,” Lexis, Vol. XXIII, no.1, (1999) : 3-23.
- “La historia imperial de España en el Orlando Furioso y La Araucana,” in Dulce et decorum est philologiam colere: Festschrift für Dietrich Briesemeister, Sybille Grosse and Axel Schoenberger (eds.), Berlin, Domus Editoria Europea, 1999, pp. 1667-1677.
- “Captive in the Wilderness: An Argentine Adaptation of an Anglo-Saxon Image,” in Frank, Armin Paul and Helga Essmann (eds.), The Internationality of National Literatures in Either America: Transfer and Transformation, Goettingen, Wallstein Verlag, 1999, pp. 215-230.
- “Goths and Turks and the Representation of Pagans and Infidels in Garcilaso and Ercilla,” in Garcilaso Inca de la Vega, an American Humanist, José Anadón (ed.), Notre Dame University Press, 1998, pp. 110-125.
- “Lo demoniaco con urbanidad: Mario Vargas Llosa y Thomas Mann,” Insula. 624 (1998) : 19-20.
- “Walter Benjamin: el Mesianismo y la Traducción,” Teoría/Crítica. 4 (1997) : 135-143.
- “Captain Pantoja and the Special Service. A Transitional Novel,” Review of Contemporary Literature 17.1 (1997) 52-57.
- “A Reading of The Real Life of Alejandro Mayta in the light of Joseph Conrad’s Under Western Eyes,” Antipodas, VII-IX (1996/1997) : 205-215.
- “La literatura y el lenguaje de la religión: Frye, Burke, Bloom y Steiner,”
- Teoría/Crítica. 3 (1996) : 483-495.
- “Lo más oscuro del verano: interpretando un poema de Blanca Varela,” Essays in honor of Gisela Beutler, S. Neumeister (ed.), Neue Romania, 16 (1995) : 131-135.
- “The degree zero of Spanish-American Cultural History and the
- Role of Native populations in the Formation of Pre-Independence National Pasts” in Poetics Today 15:4 (Winter 1994) : 587-603.
- “En torno a la historia del concepto de la historia literaria hispanoamericana,” Special issue, Pedro Aullón de Haro (ed.): “Teoría de la historia de la literatura y el arte,” Teoría/Crítica. 1 (1994) : 195-209.
- “Julio Ramón Ribeyro,” Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 145: Modern Latin American Fiction Writers. Luis, William and Ann González (eds.) Detroit, Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1994, pp. 257-262.
- “Asociaciones: una lectura de Mephisto Waltzer,” Mester, Vol. xxiii, no. 2, (Fall 1994) : 45-51. Reprinted in Literatura Mexicana V:1 (1994) : 111-116.
- “Fábulas clásicas y neoplatónicas en Los Comentarios reales de los Incas,” Cortest, Luis (ed.) Homenaje a José Durand, Madrid, Verbum, 1993, pp. 47-59.
- “Bello, Lastarria, and Sarmiento: Dialogues and polemics,” in Sarmiento and his Argentina, Joseph Crescenti (ed.), Boulder and London, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993, pp. 61-70.
- “Lo mágico-religioso en el indigenismo y en la vida de José María Arguedas,” Mester, Vol. xxii, No. 1, Spring 1993, pp. 19-29.
- “Eros y transfiguración: La palabra y la mirada de Octavio Paz,” special issue on painting and poetry, Boletín de la Fundación Federico García Lorca, no. 9, Junio 1991, pp. 119-135.
- “Mario Vargas Llosa y la función social de la literatura,” in Ciplijauskaité, B. and Ch. Maurer (eds.) La voluntad de humanismo. Homenaje a Juan Marichal, Barcelona, Anthropos, 1990, pp. 249-260.
- “Clorinda Matto de Turner,” in Solé, Carlos A., and María Isabel Abreu (eds.) Latin American Writers, New York, Scribner’s Sons, 1990, Vol. I, pp. 305-309.
- “Del indigenismo a la narrativa urbana en el Perú,” Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana, vol. XIV, no. 27, (1988) : 57-74.
- “Problemas filológicos e históricos en Páginas libres de González Prada,” Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana, vol. XI, no. 23, (1986) : 141-150.
- “El narrador en la obra de Julio Ramón Ribeyro,” Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana, no. 20, (1984) : 155-169. Reprinted in Márquez, Ismael P., and César Ferreire (eds.) Asedios a Julio Ramón Ribeyro, Lima, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, 1996, pp. 127-148.
Honors & Awards
- Distinguished Visiting Fellow, The Institute for Advanced Study, La Trobe Univeristy, Melbourne, Australia, June-September 2002.
- Mercator Research Fellowship, Deutsches Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 2001.
- UCLA Distinguished Teaching Award, 2000.
- Choice, Outstanding Academic Book of the Year Award, for Temptation of the Word. The Novels of Mario Vargas Llosa, 1998.
- Del Amo Foundation Fellowship for Archival research at the National Library of Spain in Madrid.
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship, Host: Prof. Dr. Dietrich Breisemeister of the Iberoamerikanisches Institut, Berlin, 1991-1992.
- Hoopes prize for excellence in undergraduate teaching, Harvard University, 1990.
- National Endowment fot the Humanities, Travel to Collections Award, Summer 1990.
- Clarke Fund Research Grant, Harvard University, 1989-90.
- Whiting Fellow, 1984-85.
- Foreign Student, Philosophy Program, Ecole Normale Supériure de Paris (rue d’Ulm), 1982-1983.
- Stanford University Fellowship, 1980-84.
- Foreign Student, LIterature and Philosophy, Université de Montpellier, 1978-1980.
- Bank of America and Berkeley Alumni Association Fellowships, 1976-1980
- Departmental Citation, Comparative Literature, UC-Berkeley.